How to Cite Music

Learn how to properly cite musical works, recordings, scores, and live performances in APA format.

Basic Format

Songwriter, A. A. (Copyright Year). Title of song [Song]. On Album title. Record Label.

Composer, A. A. (Year of composition). Title of work [Musical score]. Publisher.

Examples

Recorded Song

Swift, T. (2020). Cardigan [Song]. On Folklore. Republic Records.

Classical Composition

Beethoven, L. van. (1808). Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67 [Musical score]. Dover Publications.

Live Performance

Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. (2023, June 15). Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 [Live performance]. Philharmonie, Berlin, Germany.

Key Elements

Creator Information

  • Songwriter or composer name
  • Multiple contributors
  • Band or ensemble name
  • Featured artists

Work Details

  • Title of song or composition
  • Album information
  • Version or arrangement
  • Recording format

Publication Information

  • Record label or publisher
  • Release date
  • Copyright information
  • Catalog number

Music Types

Recorded Music

  • Singles
  • Album tracks
  • Digital releases
  • Streaming content

Sheet Music

  • Full scores
  • Piano reductions
  • Parts
  • Arrangements

Special Cases

Additional Guidelines

  • Citing remixes and covers
  • Traditional or folk music
  • Unpublished recordings
  • Live performances

In-Text Citations

First Citation

Use the composer/artist name and year:

In Swift's (2020) "Cardigan"...

Subsequent Citations

Use parenthetical citation:

The song (Swift, 2020) explores...

Copyright and Licensing

  • Music copyright information
  • Performance rights
  • Mechanical licenses
  • Streaming rights
  • Fair use guidelines

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Don't confuse songwriter with performer
  • Don't omit album information
  • Don't forget format specification
  • Don't mix citation styles
  • Don't ignore copyright requirements